Skip to main content

GNU/Linux

WHAT IS LINUX?
People often consider Linux as a complete operating system, but technically it is an operating system kernel, which is the part originally developed by Linus Torvalds.

WHAT IS GNU/LINUX?
Linux is a kernel which makes system hardware usable by providing an interface to the operating system, but only cosidering linux is of no use. We need an operating system with bunch of applications which would use the hardware resources by the help of kernel to get our jobs done.
Richard Stallman's free software foundation had created many softwares but what they were missing was the kernel, which Torvald had developed.
So they merged to get a complete operational OS, which is known as GNU/Linux today.

GNU/Linux is licenced under GNU General Public License(GPL) which allows distribution and sale of possibly modified and unmodified versions of Linux but requires that all those copies be released under the same license and be accompanied by the complete correspoding source code.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

How to install Arch Linux?

What is arch linux? Arch Linux is a GNU/Linux distribution, which aims at providing the latest stable version of most of the softwares by following a rolling release model. It defines simplicity without adding unnecessary modifications. It is designed to boot on-line, so that you will get the latest version of Arch in any way. If you have already arch installed on your system then you can always upgrade it by using [pacman -Syu] command. When you boot arch Linux from USB it will automatically start DHCPCD and drop a ZSH shell . you can use nano, VIM to modify any file. Before installation: - Verify the boot mode [ ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars ] If the directory does not exist then your system might be booted in BIOS or CSM mode, else it is UEFI. - Connect to Internet: If Arch did not get any IP address do run [ dhcpcd ] manually. - for wireless connectivity:- [ iw dev ] to get wireless interface name. [ iw dev INTERFACE link ] to get the status of the interface. [ iw dev

What is Master Boot Record (MBR) ?

Master Boot Record is the information stored in the first sector (cylinder 0, head 0) of a disk, which contains primary bootloader, which is a 512 byte image. It contains both program and a partition table. 446 bytes out of 512 bytes contains executable codes and error messages text. Next 64 bytes are partition table. Each table of 16 bytes. That is the reason why in MBR labled disks, maximum 4 partitions can be created (16 * 4 = 64 bytes). Last 2 bytes is for validation check for MBR. The job of the primary boot loader is to find stage-2 or secondary bootloader from the partition table. Then it loads boot record from the device into RAM. MBR content can be extracted by running dd command as a root user. [ dd if=/dev/sda of=/tmp/mbr bs=512 count=1 ] where /dev/sda is our HDD, /tmp/mbr is the destination file where MBR will be extracted to. As MBR is of size 512 byte,  512 block size is mentioned. As it is in binary format, to view this file in ASCII format enter [ od -xa /tmp/mbr